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the moon is still got a lot of Secrets

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it's keeping there's still so many

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questions locked up in these rocks

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SEC sign-in times just to be studying

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them this is the only long-term

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information that we have from the

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surface of the Moon are these data

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there's there's just nothing else where

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did all of this stuff come from how did

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it form what was the process does it

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happen all the time

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across the universe or are we somehow

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unique or at least unusual what does it

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all mean

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I'm Katie Atkinson and this is NASA

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explorers Apollo where we tell stories

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about our Moon and the people who

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explore it in the 1960s and 70s twelve

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humans walked on the moon over the

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course of six Apollo missions about

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400,000 Americans worked behind the

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scenes to get them there there were also

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millions of people around the world who

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listened watched and celebrated

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alongside them they were all explorers a

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quick note on why we're telling these

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stories right now over 60 percent of

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Americans living today myself included

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weren't born yet or were too young to

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remember the first moon landings they've

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never known a world where people

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couldn't walk on the moon now there's a

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new generation of explorers explorers

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who will witness the first woman walk on

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the moon and see the first human mission

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to Mars some of us might even help get

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them there

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in the meantime stories about where

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we've been connect us to where we're

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going what we learn now and in the

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future builds on what we learned in the

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past especially when it comes to

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understanding our Moon

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[Music]

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if you want to know what the moon looks

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like up close

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Ernie Wright is the person to talk to

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you even though he's never been there

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he's visualized just about every nook

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and cranny on the lunar surface

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sometimes down to a few feet

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he's one of NASA's resident experts on

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moon data I work at the scientific

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visualization studio at Goddard Space

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Flight Center the studio uses data from

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NASA missions to create animations and

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illustrations that explain that data

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data sonification is the sound

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equivalent of what Ernie does visually a

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chart lets you see data a sonification

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lets you hear it you can listen to a

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data sonification over and over again

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and hear something new each time every

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instrument every sound means something

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it's music and it's all based on data

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what you're about to hear is a musical

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representation of lunar science past to

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present what you'll hear in the

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sonification is the amount of scientific

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activity associated with the moon over

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time Ernie will walk you through it the

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pitch of the melody is telling you sort

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of the amount of data that was returned

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about the moon over time

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there are several instruments that are

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establishing tempo there's a clocks out

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that that tells you about the progress

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of the months and there are symbols that

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during the Apollo era the pitch rises as

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we learn more and more about the moon

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[Music]

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and then there's this period in the

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middle where it kind of falls when we

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weren't sending people and we weren't

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sending robotic missions it falls off a

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and then it starts to rise again to a

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[Music]

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in the sonification there are these two

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peaks in the valley but wait the other

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thing to take from it is that there is a

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continuous note of exploration but the

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sound doesn't really go away

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[Music]

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the past and the present and the future

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are all connected and get that sense

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when you're listening to it that why old

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there are variations in our level of

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interest and in the amount of data that

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were gathering at any particular time

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there's also a continuity that once we

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think what motivates us to answer you

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know the question of the moon's origin

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or how it formed is very basic because

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once we understand how the moon was

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formed we know a lot more about how the

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earth was formed we know about how the

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solar system was formed it's all to do

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with this question of where did we come

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from how did this happen

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where did all of this stuff come from

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how did it form what was the process

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does it happen all the time across the

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universe or are we somehow unique or at

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least unusual what does it all mean

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answers to those big questions are

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within reach thanks in part to

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modern-day exploration of our Moon the

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rising pitch at the end of that

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sonification the crescendo is a sign

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that we're learning we're exploring more

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we're driving the pitch up into the

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future before the Apollo missions we

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knew almost nothing about the moon the

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state of our knowledge before Apollo was

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almost utter ignorance we knew where it

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would be in the sky but only

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approximately we didn't even know if it

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was wet or dry we didn't know what it

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was made of or how it related to the

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earth how it formed we had no idea we

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didn't know what the craters were and

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there was really no way to know until we

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went there and sampled the surface and

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saw it up close

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during the Apollo

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era we learned so much about the moon

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but astronauts only visited a few spots

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if you were exploring the earth and you

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landed in six places near the equator

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you would know not a whole lot about the

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earth so even after Apollo there was a

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great deal to learn but we knew so much

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more we knew the right questions to ask

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and so one of the motivations for Lunar

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Reconnaissance Orbiter I think was to

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answer some of those questions which had

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been lingering since the Apollo era the

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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter or LRO is a

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NASA spacecraft that's been orbiting our

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moon since 2009 LRO has mapped the moon

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like never before

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LRO is writing the lunar encyclopedia of

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the lunar atlas it's the it's the thing

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that you go to first to look up all

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kinds of information about the moon

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thanks to LRO we've learned so much more

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about our moon in 2017 scientists

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discovered that there's frost frozen

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water at the moon's poles

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we've also observed that the moon is

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shrinking over time a result of it

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cooling since its formation billions of

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years ago our knowledge of the moon is

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now so much more nuanced than it was 50

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years ago but NASA never stops learning

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that really comes across in the data

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sonification let's listen to it again

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now the Ernie has broken down what each

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but why some say the moon

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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in that version of the sonification you

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heard tape from the archives like

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selections from JFK speaking and

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excerpts from Apollo mission audio this

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kind of historical data helps us

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understand the full impact of our

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journey to the moon

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Holly McEntire agrees she's a NASA

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archivist who believes that these

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stories remind us where we came from and

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inspire us to keep looking forward I

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think probably what I love most about

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being an archivist is just being able to

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capture the human experience within

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those records so sometimes we have

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records that are very black and white

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this is evidence of what happened but my

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favorite part are the records that kind

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of tell more of the human experience so

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maybe there a memo from one specific

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person to another person or maybe

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there's someone's personal photographs

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that they took or maybe it's an oral

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history those are the types of records

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that really drive me because I really

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just love to hear the human take on what

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happened so in that spirit we're asking

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you to help NASA tell the Apollo story

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what do you remember about the first

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moon landing or what are you looking

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forward to as NASA prepares to return to

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the moon by 2024

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so far we've received hundreds of

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submissions from people all over the

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world this first memory comes to us from

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France here's what Alena remembers hello

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NASA I'm a retired American wildlife

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biologist living in France I was 23

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years old when the first people walked

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on the moon I was living in Seattle

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Washington and working as a legal

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secretary at that time I was an avid fan

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of the Star Trek series on television

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and I still am I really wanted to see

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this historic event I couldn't quite

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believe that it wasn't a national

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holiday but it wasn't so I called in

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sick at my law firm to be able to see it

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at the time I didn't have a television

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so my boyfriend John and I had to go to

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a friend's house to watch it the friend

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only had a small black and white TV and

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he wasn't interested in watching it at

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all

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he was just John and I but we got to

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watch it and it was thrilling I'm a firm

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supporter of the space program and I

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hope that we continue to peacefully

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explore the universe to learn more about

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life the universe and everything Thank

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You NASA for the opportunity to share in

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Thank You Elena for sharing the story

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with us we want you to send us your

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apollo memory visit nasa.gov slash

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apollo stories to learn more you helped

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design how ash not to stay alive and

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comfortable while working on the moon

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science is something you test the

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experiments you get results and that you

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know modifies the way we look at the

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world where did all of this stuff come

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from how did it form what was the

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process does it happen all the time

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across the universe or are we somehow

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unique or at least unusual what does it

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all mean